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Malaria remains a major global public health concern, and nearly half of the global populations are still at risk of malaria infection. However, continuous emergence and spread of drug-resistant malaria parasite strains lead to ineffectiveness of conventional antimalarials. Therefore, development of novel antimalarial agents is of urgent need for malaria elimination. As an important component of the host natural immune defense system, antibacterial peptides provide the first line of defense against pathogenic invasion, and the mechanism of preferentially attacking the cell membrane makes them difficult to develop drug resistance. Antimicrobial peptides are therefore considered as a promising candidate for novel antimalarial agents. This review summarizes the advances in researches on antimicrobial peptides with antimalarial actions and discusses the potential of antimalarial peptides as novel antimalarials.
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Wake up ischemic stroke (WUIS),also known as awakening stroke,refers to patients with no new stroke symptoms during sleep,but after waking up,the patients or witness who found the acute cerebral infarction with stroke performance.The key to the treatment of acute ischernic stroke is to effectively restore reperfusion within the time window.The original intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) thrombolytic therapy,is widely recognized as an effective treatment method of choice for 4.5h onset of acute ischemic stroke reperfusion.Because the exact onset time of WUIS is unclear and limited by current scientific and technical levels,intravenous thrombolysis may lead to an increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage.Therefore,the American Heart Association and the American Stroke Association (AHA/ASA) were included in the "Intravenous Thrombolysis".Intravenous thrombolysis is not recommended in the Standard Scientific Statement.Patients who may be suitable for thrombolytic therapy are not able to obtain thrombolytic therapy,resulting in poor clinical prognosis.In recent years,with the further development of relevant clinical research and the rapid development of imaging technology,the latest research found that multi-mode imaging examination is safe and effective for intravenous thrombolytic therapy in patients with poststroke stroke.Multi-mode imaging studies help screening patients with acute reperfusion therapy,so that part of WUIS patients will benefit from the acute reperfusion therapy.This article reviews and summarizes the literature findings of WUIS in recent years.The pathophysiological changes,clinical features and imaging changes of patients with WUIS and non-WUIS are almost unanimously.Early CT and MRI examinations can help to extend acute stroke treatment to patients with WUIS.At present,for this type of patients,there are great research progress in the formulation and implementation of clinical treatment strategies.This article will briefly summarize the research progress and treatment status of WUIS.
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Objective To analyze the characteristics of the speech fluency of preschool hearing-impaired children with hearing devices ,and to explore influence of different hearing devices, age, ender and intervention time on their speech fluency.Methods A total of 109 subjects of normal children and hearing-impaired children were induded in this study.They were divided into 3 groups, 30 of normal children , 28 of hearing-impaired children with hearing aids , 26 of hearing-impaired children with cochlear implants, 25 of hearing-impaired children with Cochlear implant and hearing aids.Their speech speed,pause,repetition,and prolongation in spontaneous language tasks by exploring the influence of factors such as hearing devices'' types,age, gender and intervention time difference to their speech fluency were studied.Results (1) The speed in normal children was significantly higher than those of in the other three groups(P0.05).The speech speed of children with hearing aids was higher than children with cochlear implants(P=0.045).Children with cochlear implant had more pauses than children with hearing aids(P=0.028).The speech speed of hearing-impaired children in 3.5~5 years old was lower than hearing-impaired children in 5.1~6.5 years old(P=0.042).The speech speed of hearing-impaired children who receive intervention less than 2.5 years, was higher than the children who receive intervention more than 2.5 years(P=0.002),while children who receive intervention less than 2.5 years had more pauses(P=0.047) and prolongations(P=0.002).Conclusion (1)Preschool hearing-impaired children''s speed is lower than the normal, and the times of pause and prolongation is more than the normal.(2) Different hearing devices and intervention time influence preschool hearing-impaired children''s verbal fluency, while gender have no effects.
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Objective To study the auditory processing abilities of children with learning difficulty and deter-mine the proportion of the children with auditory processing disorder.Methods A single factor completely random-ized experimental design was used.Seventeen children with learning difficulties and 31 normal children from grade 2 to grade 4 in Beijing were induded in this study.The abilities of low-pass filtered speech,competing sentences,di-chotic digits and frequency patterns were tested through auditory processing disorder screening test software.Results There were significant differences in the abilities of listening sentences and digits in competitive environment and recognizing frequency patterns between children with learning difficulty and without.The auditory processing ability of children with learning difficulties was obviously poorer than normal children.The incidence of auditory processing disorder among the children with learning difficulties was 41.176%~58.824%.Conclusion The auditory process-ing ability in the competitive environment of children with learning difficulties was obviously poorer and they need in-tervention specifically.
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Competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) transcripts can communicate with microRNAs (miRNAs) through competitively binding the common miRNA response elements (MREs),which remove or decrease the repression of target genes of miRNAs.The present studies indicate that a large amount of genes,serving as ceRNAs,can promote or inhibit the occurrence of liver cancer by competing the binding site of same genes that can promote or suppress tumorigenesis.
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Objective To study the influencing factors of the competing sentences test in normal-hearing adults, in order to provide references for the preparation of the competing sentences test with children and the development of the diagnostic tools of the central auditory processing disorders.Methods According to the three kinds of test tables of semantic competition, sentence constituent competition and phonetic competition for the competing sentences test, the 2×3×3 factors mixed experimental design were used to test the 48 normal-hearing adults(forty-six right-handed adults and two left-handed adults) with the competing sentences test.The correct rate was obtained and the influencing factors were analyzed.Results ①The average correct rate of the Competing Sentences Test for the forty-six right-handed normal-hearing adults was 94.98%,and for the two left-handed normal-hearing adults was 96.12%.②The right-handed subjects'' right ear accuracy rate was significantly higher than that of the left ear(P0.05)with the right-handed subjects.④For the results of three types sentences,the correct rate of semantic competition was the highest, the second was the sentence constituent competition and phonetic competition was the lowest with the right-handed subjects.Conclusion No gender factors were found to affect the results of the competing sentences test among adults.The normal-hearing right-handed adults have the right ear advantage in the competing sentences test, prompting us to become concerned about the choice of the ear sides.Different competition types of sentences will have a greater impact on the difficulty of the competing sentences test, so we should pay more attention to this in the preparation of competitive sentences test tables.
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Objective To investigate the Reprimo and hMLH1 gene promoter methylation detection value in the diagnosis of early gastric cancer.Methods Chose patints in Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital from September 2013 to April 2014,50 cases of patients with chronic atrophicgastritis with intestinal metaplasia,50 cases of patients with gastricmucosal atypical hyperplasia,50 patients with gastric cancer,endoscopic gastric biopsy samples,and 30 cases of normal gastric mucosa biopsy tissues as control group.Analysis abnormal expression in Reprimo gene and hMLH1 genes promoter methylation,compared the differences.between groups of patients.Results The patients with gastric mucosatissues Reprimo and hMLH1 genes promoter methylation positive rate was significantly higher than that of normal group,the difference wasstatistically signifi-cant (P<0.05).Reprimo gene promoter methylation were:patients with chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia 28% (χ2 =10.18,P < 0.05).Patients with gastric mucosalatypical hyperplasia 56% (χ2 = 25.84,P < 0.05)and patients with gastric cancer 62% (χ2 = 30.36,P < 0.05).hMLH1 gene promoter methylation were:patients with chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia 20% (χ2 =4.39,P <0.05),patients with gastric mucosal atypical hyperplasia 44% (χ2 =15.13,P <0.05)and patients with gastric cancer 48% (χ2 = 17.41,P <0.05),high specificity of detection.Conclusion Reprimo and hMLH1 gene’s detect value in the diagnosis of early gastric cancer is very high,high specificity,it is an effec-tive way of diagnosis,treatment in clinical diagnosis of patients with broad prospects.
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Male breast cancer (MBC)is one of rare malignant carcinomas,of which the pathogenesis and biological characteristics remain elusive.Recently,it has been reported that breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA)1 ,BRCA2,checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2)and partner and localizer of BRCA2 (PALB2)play important roles in the pathogenesis of MBC.Whereas the relationship between BRCA1 -interacting protein 1 (BRIP1 )and MBC is still controversial.